List of References
Primary Sources
Manuscript
Eugene L. Roberts Collection. Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, Utah.
Fifteenth Ward, Salt Lake Stake. “Recreation Committee Minutes, 1925–1928.” LDS Historical Department, Salt Lake City.
“The Girls’ Camp in Logan Canyon.” LDS Church Historical Department, Salt Lake City.
Hinckley, Bryant S. “History of Deseret Gymnasium.” LDS Church Historical Department, 12 January 1938.
Hinckley, Bryant S. Letter to “Brother.” 7 February 1912. Deseret Gym Records, LDS Church Historical Department, Salt Lake City.
Hinckley, Bryant S. Letter to Friend. LDS Church Historical Department, Salt Lake City, UT.
Hinckley, Bryant S. Letter to “Parents of Real Boys.” Deseret Gym Records. LDS Church Historical Department, Salt Lake City.
Letter from Parents’ Department to Parents. 14 June 1912. Deseret Gym Records, LDS Church Historical Department, Salt Lake City.
Mortensen, H. C. Letter to “Friend,” 1940. Deseret Gym Records, LDS Church Historical Department, Salt Lake City.
“Park Your Worries at the Deseret Gym.” Undated advertisement. Deseret Gym Records, LDS Church Historical Department, Salt Lake City.
Smith, Hyrum, and Bryant S. Hinckley. Letter to Bishops. LDS Church Historical Department.
“Synopsis of Course in Social and Recreational Leadership.” LDS Church Historical Department, Salt Lake City, UT.
“The New Recreation Hall in Connection With the Twenty-Seventh Ward Chapel.” LDS Church Historical Department, c. 1927.
Undated, unsigned letter. 1912. Deseret Gym Records, LDS Church Historical Department, Salt Lake City.
Untitled poem. 1935. Deseret Gym Records, LDS Church Historical Department, Salt Lake City.
“Vacation School, Young Men’s Christian Association” pamphlet. 1914. Deseret Gym Records, LDS Church Historical Department, Salt Lake City.
“A Vacation With Pleasure and Profit—The Deseret Gymnasium Summer School” (1922). Deseret Gym Records, LDS Church Historical Department, Salt Lake City.
“The Wise—For Health on Exercise Depend.” Salt Lake City: Deseret Gym, 1911.
“1935 Summer Activities Deseret Gym and Lion House.” Deseret Gym Records, LDS Church Historical Department, Salt Lake City.
Published
A College Senior. “Five Memories I’d Like to Have.” Improvement Era 30 (Dec. 1926): 145.
Adams, Samuel Hopkins. “My Business Partner Gym.” LDS Church Historical Department, Salt Lake City, UT.
Allen, James X, M.D. “Consistency.” Improvement Era 10 (July 1907): 747.
“Amusements.” New Englander 26 (July 1867): 399–424.
Anderson, Edward H. “Events and Comments.” Improvement Era 10 (Feb. 1907): 316.
Anderson, Edward H. Y.M.M.I.A. Hand Book: A Guide for Stake and Ward Officers of the Young Men’s Mutual Improvement Associations for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 7th ed. Salt Lake City: General Board, 1925.
Anderson, Nephi. “The End of the Rainbow.” Improvement Era 13 (June 1910): 699.
“Annual Report of M.I.A. Scouts, Year Ending May 31, 1918.” Improvement Era 21 (July 1918): 833.
Ashton, Wendell J. “Baseball and Mormons in England.” Improvement Era 38 (Oct. 1935): 645.
“Athletic and Scout Work—Progress of Scout Work.” Improvement Era 18 (July 1915): 842.
Ballard, Melvin J. “Aaronic Priesthood Correlation and the Y.M.M.I.A.” Improvement Era 35 (May 1932): 423–424.
Beeley, Arthur L. Boys and Girls in Salt Lake City. Salt Lake City: University Press, 1929.
Bennion, Milton. “To the Young Men on the Farm.” Improvement Era 12 (March 1909): 371.
Bennion, Milton. “The Ethics of Church Fairs.” Improvement Era 10 (Oct. 1907): 959.
Blunck, Rulon, and John T. Cardall. “Mormon Missionaries in the Meissen Cast.” Improvement Era 40 (Sept. 1937): 572.
Boynton, P. D. “Athletics and Collateral Activities in Secondary Schools,” Proceedings of National Education Association (1904): 213–214.
Brandley, Elsie T. “Pioneers in Many Ways.” Improvement Era 35 (Sept. 1932): 643.
Brimhall, George H. “Continuity in Character.” Improvement Era 2 (Oct. 1899): 929.
“Broadcasting from the M.I.A. Conference.” Improvement Era 35 (July 1932): 529.
Brooks, Juanita. “Whose Business is Recreation? The Profit-takers or the Home-makers?” Improvement Era 41 (Oct. 1938): 596.
Camp Saratoga: Deseret Gymnasium Boys’ Camp. June 1912. Deseret Gym Records, LDS Church Historical Department, Salt Lake City.
Cannon, A. S. “Social Planning—and a Public Employment Service.” Improvement Era 37 (Sept. 1934): 538.
Cannon, Joseph J. “Speed and the Spirit.” Improvement Era 31 (Oct. 1928): 1005.
Cannon, Lewis Telle. “Increasing Enrollment and Interest in the Mutuals.” Improvement Era 16 (Oct. 1913): 1223.
Cheney, Rulon H. “Chapel in Ocean Park Dedicated.” Improvement Era 26 (Nov. 1922): 46.
Cornwall, Claude C. “Crime Prevention is Better Than Cure.” Improvement Era 37 (May 1934): 267.
Cowan, Melvyn M. “Missionary ‘Attention’ Getters: Basketball in Germany.” Improvement Era 39 (Sept. 1936): 571–573.
Cowley, M. F. “Counsel to Boys Engaged in Isolated Labor.” Improvement Era 7 (March 1904): 364.
Dale, Ludvig. “What Boy Scouts Must Know and Be.” Improvement Era 18 (Aug. 1915): 922.
“Dancing.” Improvement Era 40 (Nov. 1937): 705.
“Dancing for Middle Aged Women.” Deseret Gym Records, LDS Church Historical Department, Salt Lake City.
“Deseret Gym Digest: Promoted in the Interest of Health, Happiness, and Humor” 1 (26 April 1950). Deseret Gym Records, LDS Church Historical Department, Salt Lake City.
“The Deseret Gymlet” 1 (17 April 1912): 1.
“The Deseret Gymnasium.” Improvement Era 13 (Sept. 1910): 1048.
“Deseret Gymnasium Season 1912–1913.” Deseret Gym Records, LDS Church Historical Department.
Deseret News
“Dividends.” Deseret Gym Records, LDS Church Historical Department, Salt Lake City.
Done, Willard. “Our Work—Preliminary Programs.” Improvement Era 7 (March 1904): 390.
Driggs, Howard R. “The Library-Gymnasium Movement: Element of Success in the Work.” Improvement Era 13 (March 1910): 441–445.
Driggs, Howard R. “The Utah Library-Gymnasium Movement.” Improvement Era 12 (May 1909): 510–516.
“Editor’s Table—Amusements.” Improvement Era 14 (May 1911): 638–639.
“Editor’s Table—Boy Scouts.” Improvement Era 17 (March 1914): 385.
“Editor’s Table—Dress and Social Practices.” Improvement Era 20 (Dec. 1916): 172.
“Editor’s Table—Hints to the Editors.” Improvement Era 14 (Sept. 1911): 1038.
“Editor’s Table—The June M.I.A. Conference.” Improvement Era 26 (July 1923): 843.
“Editor’s Table—Maori Agricultural College Team Again Champions.” Improvement Era 21 (June 1918): 740.
“Editor’s Table—On Who Can Entertain.” Improvement Era 8 (June 1915): 736.
“Editor’s Table—Physical Exercise and the M.I.A.” Improvement Era 11 (Feb. 1908): 305.
“Editor’s Table—President Heber J. Grant’s Conference Message.” Improvement Era 29 (May 1926): 679.
“Editor’s Table—Seventy-Third Annual Conference of the Church.” Improvement Era 6 (May 1903): 545.
“Editor’s Table—The Spirit of Religion.” Improvement Era 6 (Oct. 1903): 945.
“Editor’s Table—Worship in the Home.” Improvement Era 7 (Dec. 1903), 135–138.
“The Effect of Tobacco on the Boy.” Improvement Era 21 (Nov. 1917): 11.
“Encouragement for ‘Busy’ Men.” Improvement Era 1 (June 1898): 621.
Ericksen, E. E. Memories and Reflections: The Autobiography of E. E. Ericksen. Edited by Scott G. Kenney. Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1987.
“Events of the Month.” Improvement Era 7 (Jan. 1904): 233.
“Events of the Month.” Improvement Era (June 1904): 634–635.
Farnsworth, Philo T. “The Boy, His Nature and His Needs.” Improvement Era 37 (March 1934): 180.
Farnsworth, Philo T. “The Boy, His Nature and His Needs.” Improvement Era 37 (Nov. 1934): 693.
Farnsworth, Philo T. “The Boy, His Nature and His Needs.” Improvement Era 38 (May 1935): 325.
Farnsworth, Philo T. “The Boy, His Nature and His Needs.” Improvement Era 38 (Nov. 1935): 705.
Farnsworth, Philo T. “The Boy, His Nature and His Needs.” Improvement Era 38 (March 1935): 178.
“Fathers & Sons Annual Outing, Summer of 1925.” Salt Lake City: General Board of Y.M.M.I.A., 1925.
“Fathers and Sons Annual Outing, Summer of 1927.” Salt Lake City: General Board of Y.M.M.I.A., 1927.
“Fathers and Sons’ Outings, and other Y.M.M.I.A. Activities.” Improvement Era 25 (Oct. 1922): 1052–1060.
“Fathers and Sons’ Outings.” Improvement Era 26 (Oct. 1923): 1142–1148.
“Field Notes.” Improvement Era 35 (Nov. 1931): 42.
“First International Recreation Congress Program.” Recreation 26 (July 1932): 188–189.
Frost, Grace Ingles. “Beyond the City.” Improvement Era 9 (Sept. 1906): 881.
Gates, Franklin Y. “A Missionary Goodwill Quartet.” Improvement Era 40 (July 1937): 403.
Gates, Susa Young. Life Story of Brigham Young. New York: Macmillan, 1930.
Gates, Susa Young, ed. “A Mother’s Letters to Her Missionary Son: II—Letter Posted to Chicago.” Improvement Era 8 (March 1905): 352–357.
Geertsen, Norman. “To Be A Scout.” Improvement Era 32 (May 1929): 598.
“Good Team; Noble Work.” Improvement Era 27 (May 1924): 695–696.
Grant, Carter E. “Double Victory.” Improvement Era 31 (Aug. 1931): 874–876.
Grant, Heber J. “The Place of the Y.M.M.I.A. in the Church.” Improvement Era 15 (Aug. 1912): 873, 875–876.
Grant, Heber J. “The President on Church Security.” Improvement Era 40 (March 1937): 131.
Grant, Heber J. “Testimony—The Little White Slaver.” Improvement Era 18 (Aug. 1915): 912–913.
Grant, Heber J. “To Those Who Teach Our Children.” Improvement Era 42 (March 1939): 135.
Hamilton, Samuel. “The Physical Square Deal and the Cigarette Habit Among Boys.” Improvement Era 16 (June 1913): 817.
“Handball A Game for Men: A Lively Pastime Full of Brief Breezy Bits for Busy Business Men.” Deseret Gym Records, LDS Church Historical Department, Salt Lake City.
Handbook of the YLMIA and the YMMIA. Salt Lake City, 1931.
Harris, Franklin S. “Changes in Occupation.” Improvement Era 27 (March 1924): 428.
“Health Value Explained by Gymnasium Head.” Unattributed newspaper clipping, Deseret Gym Records, LDS Church Historical Department.
Heath, Sasie. “Brighton Home.” Young Woman’s Journal 34 (June 1923): 377–378.
Hewlett, Frank J. “What of the Boy in Summer Time?” Improvement Era 11 (May 1908): 534.
Hines, Carol T. Camp Atoka: A History, 1912–1980. Reno, NV: self-published, 1987.
Hollingshead, Billie. “On the Book Rack.” Improvement Era 41 (Jan. 1938): 35.
Howell, O. E. “Play With Them.” Improvement Era 28 (May 1925): 668.
Hull, Thomas. “Study Period and Activities.” Improvement Era 25 (Aug. 1922): 920.
Hull, Thomas. “Events of the Month.” Improvement Era 6 (May 1903): 558.
Hulme, Claire N. “Is Camping Worth While for Y.L.M.I.A.?” Young Woman’s Journal 35 (June 1924): 313–314.
“An Ideal Summer Course For Boys: He Goes Home Clean and Contented.” Deseret Gym Records, LDS Church Historical Department, Salt Lake City.
“Improvement in Aaronic Priesthood Work.” Improvement Era 36 (Sept. 1933): 688.
Josephson, Marba C. “On the Book Rack.” Improvement Era 41 (Nov. 1938): 678.
Kimball, Edward P. “Character of Music Programs for Joint M.I.A. Meetings.” Improvement Era 25 (Jan. 1922): 274–275.
Kirkham, Oscar A. “Mutual Work—Athletics and Scout Work.” Improvement Era 19 (Feb. 1916): 375.
Kirkham, Oscar A. “Mutual Work—What Can Be Done With the Boys, Brethren?” Improvement Era 17 (March 1914): 489.
Kirkham, Oscar A. Improvement Era 26 (April 1923): frontispiece.
Kleinman, Bertha A. “In My Play.” Improvement Era 30 (April 1927): 531.
Larson, Gustive O. “Mormon Missionaries on Sweden’s National Television.” Improvement Era 42 (Feb. 1939): 90.
Lemon, Melvin. “How Hyrum Second Ward Built Its Recreation Hall.” Improvement Era 28 (Aug. 1925): 976.
“Liberty Glen Camp.” Young Woman’s Journal 24 (Jan. 1913): 31.
“Lights and Shadows on the Silver Screen.” Improvement Era 35 (April 1932): 350.
Log of the Vanguard Trail. Salt Lake City: Mutual Improvement Associations, 1931.
Lyman, Francis M. “Manhood.” Improvement Era 7 (Jan. 1904): 175–178.
Lyman, Richard R. “A Man Among Men.” Improvement Era 30 (Aug. 1927): 872.
Lyman, Richard R. “Reclamation.” Improvement Era 27 (April 1924): 505.
Markham, Ira J. “Building Boys to Latter-day Standards.” Improvement Era 42 (Oct. 1939): 618.
Martineau, L. R. “M.I.A. Scouts.” Improvement Era (March 1912): 357–361.
Martineau, L. R. “Second Annual M.I.A. Field Day.” Improvement Era 15 (July 1912): 859–860.
Martineau, Lyman R. “Some Problems in Athletics.” Improvement Era 15 (Oct. 1912): 1137.
McJackson, Jane. “The M.I.A.” Improvement Era 24 (March 1921): 406.
McKay, David O. “A Message to the Youth of the Land.” Improvement Era 24 (Jan. 1921): 191.
“Medical Gymnastics.” Salt Lake City: Deseret Gym.
Merrill, Amy Lyman. “M.I.A. Home in Logan Canyon.” Young Woman’s Journal 33 (May 1922): 292–293.
Merrill, Harrison R. “Playing the Great Collegiate Game Football.” Improvement Era 34 (Jan. 1931): 147.
Merrill, H. R. “Speck’s Faith.” Improvement Era 19 (Feb. 1916): 345–349.
Merrill, Harrison R. “Utah Athletes Coming to Their Own.” Improvement Era 31 (Aug. 1928): 820–825.
Merrill, Harrison R. “We Stand for the Enrichment of Life.” Improvement Era 35 (Oct. 1932): 707.
Merrill, Joseph F. “The Problem of Unemployment.” Improvement Era 42 (Dec. 1939): 716.
Merrill, Lewis A. “Choosing An Occupation.” Improvement Era 5 (January 1902): 212.
“Messages from the Missions—Playing Ball.” Improvement Era 27 (March 1924): 457.
M.I.A. Handbook. Salt Lake City: General Board of the M.I.A., 1928.
M.I.A. Recreation Bulletin No. 5. Salt Lake City: General Boards of the M.I.A., 1925.
Milne, E. J. “Ward and Gymnasium Hall.” Improvement Era 12 (Dec. 1908): 162–163.
“M-Men Guide: Course of Study and M-Men Gleaner Program for 1931–1932.” Salt Lake City: General Board of the Y.M.M.I.A., 1931.
“M-Men in C.C.C. Camps.” Improvement Era 38 (Feb. 1935): 113.
Moody, Manton. “Means of Success in Promoting Attendance of the Aaronic Priesthood.” Improvement Era 35 (March 1932): 301.
“‘Mormon’ Standards Approved.” Improvement Era 30 (April 1927): 564–565.
Morris, George Q. “Thirty-five Years of Scouting in the Church.” Improvement Era 51 (May 1948): 275.
Morris, Nephi L. “Ab Jenkins—Superman of Speed and Endurance.” Improvement Era 39 (March 1936): 140.
“Mutual Messages.” Improvement Era 35 (Jan. 1932): 170.
“Mutual Messages.” Improvement Era 36 (Nov. 1932): 47–48.
“Mutual Work.” Improvement Era 14 (July 1911): 844.
“Mutual Work—A Day for Recreation.” Improvement Era 14 (Dec. 1910): 183.
“Mutual Work—Alpine Stake Athletic Contest.” Improvement Era 13 (Aug. 1910): 952–953.
“Mutual Work—A ‘Mormon’ School in Hawaii.” Improvement Era 28 (Sept. 1925): 1101.
“Mutual Work—An Analysis of the General Statistical Report of the Young Men’s Mutual Improvement Association for the Year Ending March 31, 1921.” Improvement Era 24 (Aug. 1921): 946–947.
“Mutual Work—Annual Conference.” Improvement Era 13 (July 1910): 858.
“Mutual Work—Appreciation for the M.I.A. Handbook.” Improvement Era 29 (Oct. 1926): 1199.
“Mutual Work—Athletics and Scout Work.” Improvement Era 19 (July 1916): 849–850.
“Mutual Work—Basket Ball.” Improvement Era 7 (May 1908): 562–563.
“Mutual Work—Basketball Leads in M-Men Activities.” Improvement Era (May 1926): 621.
“Mutual Work—Basket Ball League.” Improvement Era 24 (April 1921): 662.
“Mutual Work—Boy Scouts—Organization and Purpose.” Improvement Era 17 (Aug. 1914): 894.
“Mutual Work—Cardston High School Basket Ball Team.” Improvement Era 28 (June 1925): 793.
“Mutual Work—Class in Athletics.” Improvement Era 16 (Dec. 1912): 177.
“Mutual Work—Curlew Stake Champions.” Improvement Era 29 (July 1926): 901.
“Mutual Work—Dr. Taylor’s Report of Scouting, 1922.” Improvement Era 26 (Feb. 1923): 393.
“Mutual Work—Father and Son’s Outing.” Improvement Era 22 (April 1919): 549.
“Mutual Work—Fathers and Son’s Outings.” Improvement Era 26 (Sept. 1923): 1067.
“Mutual Work—February Class in Athletics.” Improvement Era 16 (Feb. 1913): 392.
“Mutual Work—General M.I.A. Conference.” Improvement Era 14 (Aug. 1911): 943.
“Mutual Work—Juarez M.I.A. in Championship Contest.” Improvement Era 13 (June 1910): 762–763.
“Mutual Work—Leadership Schools for Recreation.” Improvement Era (Feb. 1924): 389.
“Mutual Work—Member of American Olympic Swimming Team.” Improvement Era 27 (Aug. 1924): 1011.
“Mutual Work—M.I.A. Meetings and Theatrical Shows.” Improvement Era 11 (Jan. 1908): 229–230.
“Mutual Work—M.I.A. Reading Room and Gymnasium in Logan.” Improvement Era 13 (March 1910): 469–470.
“Mutual Work—M.I.A. Scouts.” Improvement Era 15 (Jan. 1912): 287.
“Mutual Work—M.I.A. Scouts.” Improvement Era 15 (June 1912): 755.
“Mutual Work—M.I.A. Track Meet.” Improvement Era 13 (July 1910): 851–854.
“Mutual Work—Of Interest to Scouts.” Improvement Era 17 (Aug. 1914): 996.
“Mutual Work—Preaching the Gospel of Better Recreation.” Improvement Era 27 (May 1924): 696.
“Mutual Work—Recreation Leadership Institutes.” Improvement Era 28 (May 1925): 703.
“Mutual Work—Resolutions Respecting Weekly Half-Holiday.” Improvement Era 15 (Aug. 1912): 860–861.
“Mutual Work—Saloon Becomes Gymnasium.” Improvement Era 9 (April 1916): 568.
“Mutual Work—Scout Work on Sunday Night.” Improvement Era 17 (Aug. 1914): 894.
“Mutual Work—Suggestive Outlines for Y.M.M.I.A. Freshmen Class for December.” Improvement Era 17 (Dec. 1913): 183.
“Mutual Work—The Daynes Trophy.” Improvement Era 14 (July 1911): 848.
“Mutual Work—The Deseret Gymnasium.” Improvement Era 13 (Feb. 1910): 381.
“Mutual Work—The Genuine Sport Spirit.” Improvement Era 26 (May 1923): 668.
“Mutual Work—The New Traveling Secretary.” Improvement Era 16 (June 1913): 833.
“Mutual Work—The Policy of the Y.M.M.I.A.” Improvement Era 12 (Jan. 1909): 247.
“Mutual Work—The Scouts and the Y.M.M.I.A.” Improvement Era 26 (March 1923): 484.
“Mutual Work—The Third Y.M.M.I.A. Normal Training Class.” Improvement Era 16 (Feb. 1913): 393.
“Mutual Work—The Tokyo-American Baseball Team.” Improvement Era 15 (May 1912): 663–664.
“Mutual Work—Winning Ball Teams, Box Elder Stake.” Improvement Era 25 (Dec. 1921): 178.
Nash, Jay B. “What Will You Do With Your Leisure Time?” Improvement Era 36 (Feb. 1933): 197.
Nelson, Lowry. “The University a Workshop for Leaders.” Improvement Era 26 (March 1923): 450.
New York Times.
Nibley, Preston. “The Pilgrim Fathers and the Mormon Pioneers.” Improvement Era 15 (July 1912): 774.
Nordgren, Weston N. “Boy Scouts in Camp.” Improvement Era 35 (Nov. 1931): 20.
Nordgren, Weston N. “Capitalizing on the Urge to do Something.” Improvement Era 38 (Feb. 1935): 91.
“Notes.” Improvement Era 1 (Sept. 1898): 853.
“On Smoking.” Improvement Era 16 (Nov. 1912): 90.
“Our Work—Amusements and Entertainments.” Improvement Era 7 (Dec. 1903): 146–147.
“Our Work—Eleventh Annual M.I.A. Conference.” Improvement Era 9 (July 1906): 738.
“Our Work—General M.I.A. Conference.” Improvement Era 10 (July 1907): 760–761.
“Our Work—Obstacles.” Improvement Era 9 (Nov. 1905): 72–73.
“Our Work—Seventh Annual Conference of Mutual Improvement Associations.” Improvement Era 5 (July 1902): 727.
“Our Work—The Annual Conference of the Mutual Improvement Associations.” Improvement Era 4 (Aug. 1901): 790–791.
“Our Work—The Annual Conference of the Young Men’s and Young Ladies’ Mutual Improvement Associations.” Improvement Era 2 (Aug. 1899): 711.
“Our Work—To Stake and Ward Officers of the Y.M.M.I.A.” Improvement Era 9 (Oct. 1906): 979.
“Over the Pioneer Trail.” Improvement Era 15 (Sept. 1912): 1033.
Pack, Frederick J. “How the Impending Tobacco Crusade Can Be Avoided.” Improvement Era 24 (Jan. 1921): 223.
Palmer, Annie D. “The Call of the Canyon.” Improvement Era 18 (May 1915): 661.
Parent’s Bulletin No. 1: Recreation and Play. Salt Lake City: Deseret Sunday School Union, 1914.
Parry, Edwin F. “On Choosing Life Models.” Improvement Era 5 (Jan. 1902): 173.
“Passing Events.” Improvement Era 18 (March 1915): 468.
“Passing Events.” Improvement Era 26 (April 1923): 585.
“Passing Events.” Improvement Era 27 (May 1924): 707.
“Passing Events.” Improvement Era 28 (April 1925): 616.
“Passing Events.” Improvement Era 30 (March 1927): 485.
“Passing Events—No Hiking on the Sabbath Day.” Improvement Era 19 (March 1916): 478.
Peterson, Elmer G. “Utah Invites the Nation: A National Summer School at Logan.” Improvement Era 27 (March 1924): 445.
“Play Leaders Witness M.I.A. Recreation.” Improvement Era 41 (June 1938): 372.
“Raising Funds by Recreation.” Improvement Era 23 (Sept. 1920): 1036.
“Recreation Halls.” Improvement Era 27 (April 1924): 576.
“Religious, Spiritual, and Moral Phases of Scouting to be Emphasized.” Improvement Era 39 (Feb. 1936): 114.
Ricks, Elden. “The Deseret Club Movement.” Improvement Era 41 (Sept. 1938): 540.
Riis, Jacob A. “The Boy Scouts.” Improvement Era 17 (July 1914): 871.
Roberts, B. H. “Physical Development.” Improvement Era 15 (Aug. 1912): 920.
———. “Sphere of Y.M.M.I.A. Activities.” Improvement Era 16 (Jan. 1913): 191, 193.
Roberts, B. H., George H. Brimhall, and Benjamin Goddard. “The Boy Scout Movement in Utah.” Improvement Era 14 (April 1911): 542.
Roberts, Eugene L. “The Boy Pioneers of Utah.” Improvement Era 14 (Oct. 1911): 1084–1086.
Roberts, Eugene L. “The New Leisure.” Improvement Era 36 (Feb. 1933): 204.
Rockne, Knute. “A Good Word for Utah Athletes.” Improvement Era 31 (Dec. 1927): 173.
Romney, G. Ott. “A Habit Worth Acquiring.” Improvement Era 35 (Nov. 1931): 14.
“Scout Cheers or Yells.” Improvement Era 17 (Dec. 1913): 186.
“Scouts.” Improvement Era 40 (April 1937): 251.
Smith, Joseph F. “Editor’s Table—Social Doings.” Improvement Era 20 (Jan. 1917): 259.
Smith, Joseph F. “Editor’s Table—True Love.” Improvement Era 14 (July 1911): 829.
Snow, LeRoi C. “Pioneer Celebrations.” Improvement Era 25 (Sept. 1922): 1020.
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Stephens, Evan. “The Farmer Boy.” Improvement Era 21 (Jan. 1918): 250–251.
Stevens, Robert S. “Broadcasting with the Millennial Chorus.” Improvement Era 40 (Feb 1937): 92–93.
“Suggestions for the Summer Program.” Improvement Era 35 (June 1932): 494.
“Summer Days and Nights in Salt Lake City, Utah: Where and How to Spend Them.” Deseret Gym Records, LDS Church Historical Department, Salt Lake City.
“Sunday Evening Joint Sessions for November.” Improvement Era 35 (Oct. 1932): 745–746.
“Talks to the Young Men: I. Industry—Its Bearing on Success.” Improvement Era 6 (Nov. 1902): 55.
“Talks to the Young Men: V—The Same is Damned.” Improvement Era 7 (March 1904): 367.
“Talks to the Young Men: VIII—A Trade.” Improvement Era 6 (June 1903): 603–604.
“Talks to the Young Men—The Tendency to Deify Evil.” Improvement Era 2 (Oct. 1899): 944–946.
Taylor, Aaron C. “Mutual Work—M.I.A. Scout Work in Hamburg, Germany.” Improvement Era 30 (Feb. 1927): 381.
Taylor, John H. “For the Consideration of Parents.” Improvement Era 19 (Jan. 1916): 239–240.
“Teacher-Training and Social Work.” Improvement Era 23 (June 1920): 746.
“Timely Thoughts from the June Conference.” Improvement Era 26 (Aug. 1923): 925.
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“To Our President.” Young Woman’s Journal 24 (Jan. 1913): 34.
Vorkink, J. Paul, and Joseph P. Lambert. “Our Friend-Making Missionaries in the Netherlands.” Improvement Era 41 (July 1938): 412.
“Warning to Church Members.” Improvement Era 39 (Aug. 1936): 488.
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Widtsoe, John A. “Waste.” Improvement Era 41 (Nov. 1938): 672–673.
Wilson, Robert E. “A Hike to the Yellowstone.” Improvement Era 18 (June 1915): 706.
Wood, Merrill. “Enrichment of Life Through Constructive Use of Leisure.” Improvement Era 37 (May 1934): 281.
Woolley, Ivy Houtz. “The Boy Scouts.” Improvement Era 27 (Feb. 1924): 380.
“Would Not Be in the Majors Today If I Had Continued to Use Tobacco.” Improvement Era 38 (Nov. 1935): 700.
Wyland, Ray O. “Youth—and the Needs of the World.” Improvement Era 39 (Dec. 1936).
“Y.L.M.I.A. Summer Homes,” Young Woman’s Journal 35 (June 1924): 310–311.
“Y.M.M.I.A. Champions.” Improvement Era 27 (Aug. 1924): 1004.
Young, Levi Edgar. “Sociological Aspects of Mormonism.” Improvement Era 23 (July 1920): 828–829.
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Best, Richard Strong. “History of Troop 1, Boy Scouts of America, Salt Lake City, Utah, Waterloo Ward, LDS Church, 1910–1916.” Farr West, UT: R. S. Best, 1984.
Black, William T. Mormon Athletes. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co., 1980.
Boyer, Paul S. Urban Masses and Moral Order in America, 1820–1920. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978.
Cavallo, Dominick. Muscles and Morals: Organized Playgrounds and Urban Reform, 1880–1920. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981.
Cohen, Lizabeth. Making A New Deal: Industrial Workers in Chicago, 1919–1939. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Davis, Allen F. Spearheads for Reform: The Social Settlements and the Progressive Movement, 1890–1914, 2d ed. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1984.
DeSantis, Vincent P. The Shaping of Modern America, 1877–1916. Arlington Heights, IL: The Forum Press, Inc., 1973.
DuBois, Ellen Carol. Feminism and Suffrage: The Emergence of An Independent Women’s Movement in America, 1848–1869. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1978.
Foner, Philip S. American Labor Songs of the Nineteenth Century. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1975.
Gates, Susa Young. Life Story of Brigham Young. New York: Macmillan, 1930.
Gibbs, Linda Jones. Harvesting the Light: The Paris Art Mission and Beginnings of Utah Impressionism. Salt Lake City: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1987.
Halttunen, Karen. Confidence Men and Painted Women: A Study of Middle-Class Culture in America, 1830–1870. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982.
Hansen, Edward H., and Glen A. Hansen. “Scouting in Aetna and Cardston District.” LDS Church Historical Department, Salt Lake City.
Hansen, Klaus J. Mormonism and the American Experience. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.
Hardy, Stephen. How Boston Played: Sport, Recreation, and Community, 1865–1915. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1982.
Harris, Carl V. Political Power in Birmingham, 1871–1921. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1971.
Hatch, Nathan O. The Democratization of American Christianity. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.
Hines, Carol T. Camp Atoka: A History, 1912–1980. Reno, NV: self-published, 1987.
Hofstadter, Richard. The Age of Reform: From Bryan to F.D.R. New York: Vintage Books, 1955.
Jensen, Richard J. The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888–1896. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971.
Johnson, Paul E. A Shopkeeper’s Millennium: Society and Revivals in Rochester, New York, 1815–1837. New York: Hill and Wang, 1978.
Kenney, Scott. The Mutual Improvement Associations: A Preliminary History, 1900–1950. “Task Papers in LDS History.” Salt Lake City: Historical Department of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1976.
Kleppner, Paul. The Cross of Culture: A Social Analysis of Midwestern Politics, 1850–1900. New York: Free Press, 1970.
———. The Third Electoral System, 1853–1892: Parties, Voters, and Political Cultures. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1977.
Knapp, Richard F., and Charles E. Hartsoe. Play For America: The National Recreation Association, 1906–1965. Arlington, VA: National Recreation and Park Association, 1979.
Lasch, Christopher. The Culture of Narcissism: American Life in an Age of Diminishing Expectations. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1978.
Levine, Peter. Ellis Island to Ebbets Field: Sport and the American Jewish Experience. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Mangum, Garth, and Bruce Blumell. The Mormons’ War on Poverty: A History of LDS Welfare, 1830–1990. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1993.
McLeod, David I. Building Character in the American Boy: The Boy Scouts, YMCA, and Their Forerunners, 1870–1920. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.
Moore, R. Laurence. Religious Outsiders and the Making of Americans. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
———. Selling God: American Religion in the Marketplace of Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Morris, Richard B., and Jeffrey B. Morris, eds. Encyclopedia of American History, 7th ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1996.
Mulder, William. Homeward to Zion: The Mormon Migration from Scandinavia. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1957.
Poll, Richard D. et al. Utah’s History. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Press, 1978.
Powell, Allan Kent. Next Time We Strike: Labor in Utah’s Coal Fields, 1900–1933. Logan, UT: USU Press, 1985.
Quinn, D. Michael. Same-Sex Dynamics Among Nineteenth-Century Americans: A Mormon Example. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1996.
Reiss, Steven A. City Games: The Evolution of American Urban Society and the Rise of Sports. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1989.
Shipps, Jan. Mormonism: The Story of a New Religious Tradition. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1985.
Smith, Joseph. History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 7 vols, ed. B. H. Roberts. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co., 1971.
Smith, Joseph Fielding. Life of Joseph F. Smith. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co., 1969.
Sonne, Conway B. Saints on the Seas: A Maritime History of Mormon Migration 1830–1890. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1983.
Spring, Joel H. Education and the Rise of the Corporate State. Boston: Beacon Press, 1972.
Stegner, Page, ed. Marking the Sparrow’s Fall: Wallace Stegner’s American West. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1998.
Stegner, Wallace. Mormon Country. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1981, reprinted 1942.
Taylor, P. A. M. Expectations Westward: The Mormons and the Emigration of their British Converts in the Nineteenth Century. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1965.
Van Noy, Elsie Ellen Hogan. “Young Ladies’ Mutual Improvement Association from April 1927 to December 1937.” [1957] LDS Church Historical Department, Salt Lake City.
Wiebe, Robert H. The Search for Order, 1877–1920. New York: Hill and Wang, 1967.
Young, Brigham. Journal of Discourses. 26 vols. Liverpool, England: F. D. & S. W. Richards, 1854–56.
Articles
Alexander, Thomas G. “Between Revivalism and the Social Gospel: The Latter-day Saint Social Advisory Committee, 1916–1922.” BYU Studies 23 (Winter 1983): 19–39.
———. “From Dearth to Deluge: Utah’s Coal Industry.” Utah Historical Quarterly 31 (Summer 1963): 235–247.
Arrington, Leonard J. “Utah, the New Deal, and the Depression of the 1930s.” Ogden, UT: Weber State University Press, 1983.
Bitton, Davis. “These Licentious Days: Dancing Among the Mormons.” Sunstone 2 (Spring 1977): 16–27.
Bradley, Martha Elizabeth [Sonntagg], and Lowell M. Durham, Jr. “John Hafen and the Art Missionaries.” Journal of Mormon History 12 (1985): 91–105.
Filene, Peter G. “An Obituary for the Progressive Movement.” American Quarterly 20 (1970): 20–34.
Gems, Gerald R. “Selling Sport and Religion in American Society: Bishop Sheil and the Catholic Youth Organization.” In The New American Sport History: Recent Approaches and Perspectives, ed. S. W. Pope. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1997: 300–311.
Hinton, Wayne K. “The Economics of Ambivalence: Utah’s Depression Experience.” Utah Historical Quarterly 54 (1986): 268–285.
Jensen, Richard L. “The British Gathering to Zion.” In Truth Will Prevail: The Rise of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the British Isles, 1837–1987, eds. V. Ben Bloxham, James R. Moss, and Larry C. Porter. Solihull, England: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1987.
Jensen, Richard L., and William G. Hartley. “Immigration and Emigration.” In Church History: Selection from the Encyclopedia of Mormonism, ed. Daniel H. Ludlow. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co., 1995.
Kennedy, David M. “Overview: The Progressive Era.” The Historian 37 (May 1975): 468.
Kimball, Richard Ian. “Somethin’ to Do: Mormon Recreation in Kanesville, 1849–1852.” The John Whitmer Historical Association Journal 15 (1995): 35–49.
Kirschner, Don S. “The Ambiguous Legacy: Social Justice and Social Control in the Progressive Era.” Historical Reflections 2, no. 1 (1975): 69–88.
———. “The Perils of Pleasure: Commercial Recreation, Social Disorder and Moral Reform in the Progressive Era.” American Studies 22 (Fall 1980): 27–42.
McCormick, John S. “Hornets in the Hive: Socialists in Early Twentieth-Century Utah.” Utah Historical Quarterly 50 (Summer 1982): 224–240.
Moore, Laurence. “Learning to Play: The Mormon Way and the Way of Other Americans.” Journal of Mormon History 16 (1990): 89–106.
Mormino, Gary Ross. “The Playing Fields of St. Louis: Italian Immigrants and Sport, 1925–1941.” Journal of Sport History 9 (Summer 1982): 5–16.
Olsen, Steven L. “Celebrating Cultural Identity: Pioneer Day in Nineteenth-Century Mormonism.” BYU Studies 36 (1996–97): 159–177.
Papanikolas, Helen Zeese. “The Great Bingham Strike of 1912 and the Expulsion of the Padrone.” Utah Historical Quarterly 38 (Spring 1970): 121–133.
———. “Unionism, Communism, and the Great Depression: The Carbon County Coal Strike of 1933.” Utah Historical Quarterly 41 (Summer 1973): 254–300.
Rodgers, Daniel R. “In Search of Progressivism.” Reviews in American History 10 (December 1982): 113–132.
Shipps, Jan. “In the Presence of the Past: Continuity and Change in Twentieth-Century Mormonism.” In After 150 Years: The Latter-day Saints in Sesquicentennial Perspective, eds. Thomas G. Alexander and Jesse L. Embry. Provo, UT: Charles Redd Center for Western Studies, 1983.
Sorrell, Richard. “Sports and Franco-Americans in Woonsocket, 1870–1930.” Rhode Island History 31 (Fall 1972): 117–126.
Swenson, Russel. “Mormons at the University of Chicago Divinity School.” Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 7 (Summer 1972): 37–47.
Weeks, Genevieve C. “Oscar C. McCulloch Transforms Plymouth Church, Indianapolis, into an ‘Institutional’ Church.” Indiana Magazine of History 64 (June 1968): 87–108.
Welter, Barbara. “The Cult of True Womanhood: 1820–1860.” American Quarterly 18 (Summer 1966): 151–174.
Unpublished/Dissertations
Bachman, Danel W. “A Study of the Mormon Practice of Plural Marriage before the Death of Joseph Smith.” Master’s thesis, Purdue University, 1975.
Bird, Glenn V. “The Industrial Workers of the World in Utah: Origins, Activities, and Reactions of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.” Master’s thesis, Brigham Young University, 1976.
Bradley, Martha Sonntagg. “The Church and Colonel Saunders’: Mormon Standard Plan Architecture.” Master’s thesis, Brigham Young University, 1981.
DeShazo, G. Newton. “A Review of Statements Made by Certain Leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Which Refer to Various Objectives, Activities, and Desirable Experiences Inherent in Well Organized and Properly Conducted Physical Education and Recreation Programs.” Master’s thesis, Brigham Young University, 1971.
Ellis, Richard R. “A Review of Statements Made About the Presidents of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Which Refer to Their Personal Involvement in Physical Education and Recreational Activities.” Master’s Thesis, Brigham Young University, 1975.
Skidmore, Rex A. “Mormon Recreation in Theory and Practice.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1941.
