1. James B. Allen, Ronald K. Esplin, and David J. Whittaker, Men with a Mission, 1837–1841: The Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in the British Isles (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1992), 31-53.

2. Allen, Esplin, and Whittaker, Men with a Mission, 301–2, especially note 37.

3. M. Hamlin Cannon, “Migration of English Mormons to America,” American Historical Review 52 (April 1947): 441.

4. In 1850 the LDS population in the British Isles was 30,747, while Utah’s population stood at 11,380. In 1870, Utah’s population stood at 86,786. Of these, 20,772, or 23.93 percent, had been born in the British Isles. See V. Ben Bloxham, James R. Moss, and Larry C. Porter, eds., Truth Will Prevail: The Rise of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the British Isles, 1837–1987 (Solihull, England: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,1987), 442; Philip Arthur Michael Taylor, Expectations Westward: The Mormons and the Emigration of Their British Converts in the Nineteenth Century (Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, 1965), 244; and Allan Kent Powell, “Population,” Utah History Encyclopedia, ed. Allan Kent Powell (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1994), 431.

5. Orson Pratt to George A. Smith, October 17, 1840, George A. Smith Collection, Archives Division, Historical Department, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City (hereafter cited as LDS Church Archives).

6. Frederick S. Buchanan, “The Ebb and Flow of the Church in Scotland,” in Bloxham, Moss, and Porter, Truth Will Prevail, 268–70.

7. Wilford Woodruff, Wilford Woodruff’s Journal, 1833–1898, Typescript, ed. Scott G. Kenney, 9 vols. (Midvale, Utah: Signature Books, 1983–85), 1:506 (September 2, 1840), 1:580 (December 20, 1840).

8. Woodruff, Journal, 2:45 (February 14, 1841); Lorenzo Snow to Parley P. Pratt, August 21, 1841, Lorenzo Snow Notebook, 1841–42, microfilm of holograph, LDS Church Archives. Bedford had forty-two members, Ipswich twelve, and Woolwich six; see Woodruff, Journal, 2:45 (February 14, 1841). In a letter to Wilford Woodruff, dated October 27,1841, as well as in an unaddressed note dated December 21, 1841, Snow gives membership of the London Branch as forty-seven. Snow Notebook. The discrepancy is probably because another person was baptized immediately following the organization of the London Conference. See Woodruff, Journal, 2:46 (February 14, 1841).

9. Woodruff, Journal, 2:46–47 (February 14, 1841).

10. Snow was born April 3, 1814, in Mantua, Portage County, Ohio, and baptized by John F. Boynton in June 1836 in Kirtland, Ohio; see Eliza R. Snow Smith, Biography and Family Record of Lorenzo Snow (Salt Lake City: Deseret News, 1884), 1, 7. Other biographies of Snow include Preston Nibley, The Presidents of the Church (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1941), 172–221; Thomas C. Romney, The Life of Lorenzo Snow (Salt Lake City: Sugarhouse, 1955); Francis M. Gibbons, Lorenzo Snow: Spiritual Giant, Prophet of God (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1982); Heidi S. Swinton, “Lorenzo Snow,” in The Presidents of the Church, ed. Leonard J. Arrington (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1986), 145–76; and Maureen Ursenbach Beecher, Eliza and Her Sisters (Salt Lake City: Aspen Books, 1991), 41–54.

11. Snow’s first mission was to Ohio, while his second took him to Missouri, Illinois, and Kentucky. See Snow, Biography and Family Record, 15–19, 30–38. Snow arrived in England on October 22, 1840. After spending “some few days” in Liverpool and “about ten” more in Manchester, he moved to Birmingham, where he stayed until he left for London on February 11, 1841. See Lorenzo Snow to E. McConougley, n.d., Snow Notebook; and Lorenzo Snow to Charlotte Granger, February 25, 1841, Snow Notebook.

12. In a letter to George A. Smith dated December 10, 1840, Snow wrote, “Elder Young writes in a letter which I just received from Elder Woodruff ‘we do not know but we shall be glad for Elder Snow to come to London if he can be spared there.’” Lorenzo Snow to George A. Smith, December 10, 1840, George A. Smith Collection. Considering that Snow heard of Young’s plans for him third hand by early December, Young must have first voiced them shortly after his arrival on October 22.

13. Lorenzo Snow to George A. Smith, February 17,1841, George A. Smith Collection.

14. Lorenzo Snow to Brigham Young, May 1841, Snow Notebook.

15. Snow, Biography and Family Record, 52–53; Lorenzo Snow to Parley P. Pratt, August 21, 1841, Snow Notebook.

16. Lorenzo Snow to Wilford Woodruff, October 27, 1841, Snow Notebook.

17. Snow to Pratt, August 21, 1841; Snow to Woodruff, October 27, 1841, Snow Notebook.

18. Lorenzo Snow, unaddressed letter, December 21, 1841, Snow Notebook.

19. “General Conference,” Times and Seasons 4 (January 16, 1843): 76-77. Snow reported this number at the General Conference of the British Mission in Manchester, which was held on this date.

20. Relatively little has been written on Snow’s missionary work in London, as historians of the English mission have tended to focus their attention on the efforts of Brigham Young and other Apostles. For accounts of Snow’s mission, see the biographies mentioned above (note 10); Richard L. Evans, A Century of “Mormonism” in Great Britain (Salt Lake City: Deseret News, 1937); and Allen, Esplin, and Whittaker, Men with a Mission; 226, 264, 302, 308.

21. Lorenzo Snow to Heber C. Kimball, October 22, 1841, Snow Notebook.

22. Snow to Kimball, October 22, 1841, Snow Notebook.

23. Snow, unaddressed letter, December 21, 1841, Snow Notebook.

24. Lorenzo Snow, Journal and Letterbook, 1836–45, n.d., 43–44, LDS Church Archives; Lorenzo Snow to Heber C. Kimball, n.d., Snow Notebook; Lorenzo Snow to Parley P. Pratt, December 6, 1841, Snow Notebook; Parley P. Pratt to Lorenzo Snow, December 9, [1841], Snow Notebook; Lorenzo Snow, unaddressed letter, n.d., Snow Notebook; Joseph Brotherton to Elder Griffiths, December 14, 1841, Snow Notebook.

25. Snow to Kimball, October 22, 1841, Snow Notebook.

26. Snow to Kimball, October 22, 1841, Snow Notebook.

27. Lorenzo Snow to George A. Smith, January 20, 1842, Snow Notebook.

28. Relatively little is known about William Lewzey. His name first appears for certain in the records of the London Conference as Elder Lewzey on June 15, 1842, when he was appointed to hold a street meeting in London. By September 7, 1842, the London Branch was holding its regular officers’ council meeting in his home at 15 Goldsmith Row, Hackney, London. When the London Branch split into the East and West London Branches following Lorenzo Snow’s return to America, Lewzey was called to preside over the East London Branch, which was the larger of the two. He continued in this calling until January 29, 1844, at least, when it was voted that he receive a recommendation to go to Zion. We have no record of his whereabouts until February 9, 1846, when David Candland recorded having dinner with him in St. Louis. Lewzey was still living in St. Louis in 1850, at which time the census lists him as sixty years old. No record of his emigration to Utah has been found. See “Manuscript History of the London Conference,” LDS Church Archives; Documents of David Candland, typescript, February 9, 1846 (n.p., n.d.); and Bureau of the Census, “Population Schedules of the Seventh Census of the United States, 1850,” St. Louis, Mo., Wards 4–5, prepared by the National Archives and Records Service (Washington, D.C., 1963).

29. William Warner Major was born January 27,1804, in Bristol, England. He married Sarah Coles in 1832 and joined the Church in 1842. On September 4, 1843, after serving a mission to Reading and Berkshire, he was called to preside over the officers’ council meetings being held in the home of William Lewzey. Major left England for America in the winter of 1844, arriving in Nauvoo that summer. He was made a member of the High Council in Winter Quarters and came to Utah with Brigham Young in 1848. In 1853 he left for England on a mission, where he died October 2, 1854, after an extended illness. See “History of the Life of William Warner Major,” typescript, LDS Church Archives; “Death of Elder William Warner Major,” Millennial Star 16 (November 4, 1854): 700; Andrew Jenson, Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia: A Compilation of Biographical Sketches of Prominent Men and Women in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 4 vols. (Salt Lake City: Andrew Jenson Memorial Association and Deseret News, 1901–36), 3:674.

30. Snow, Biography and Family Record, contains lengthy extracts from Snow’s journal and several letters, including two he wrote while on his mission in England. Snow’s journal of his trek across Iowa is published in Maureen Ursenbach Beecher, “The Iowa Journal of Lorenzo Snow,” BYU Studies 24, no. 3 (1984): 261–73. Lorenzo’s record of his trip to Palestine with George A. Smith in 1873 has been published as Correspondence of Palestine Tourists (Salt Lake City: Deseret News Steam Printing Establishment, 1977). Aside from these few items, none of his personal writings has been published.

31. Two other letters in the notebook are specifically identified as copies of the originals, while none of the letters transcribed here are so identified. Hence the possibility that they were originally composed in the notebook.

32. Ecclesiastes 1:14; 2:17.

33. Snow is paraphrasing Ether 12:27: “And if men come unto me I will show unto them their weakness.”

34. 34. Matthew 20:1–16.

35. See 3 Nephi 8. This destruction actually took place immediately following the Savior’s death, before his resurrection.

36. Compare 1 John 3:2.

37. See Malachi 4:5–6; 3 Nephi 25:5–6; Doctrine and Covenants 2; and Joseph Smith History 1:38–39.

38. Revelation 19:10.

39. Joseph Smith—History 1:30–34.

40. Joseph Smith—History 1:68–72.

41. Doctrine and Covenants 64:8.

42. Snow either did not discuss the fourth category of evils, that of “dislikeng, disregarding and resisting those appointed over us,” in his original letter to the officers of the Church in the London area, or he failed to copy that portion of the letter into his notebook. At any rate, the letter in his notebook ends without a discussion of the fourth evil.

Jay G. Burrup

BYU Studies Publications