1. Leland H. Gentry, “The Danite Band of 1838,” Brigham Young University Studies 14 (Summer 1974): 427.

2. Ibid.

3. John Corrill, A Brief History of the Church of Christ of Latter Day Saints (New Haven, Conn.: Research Publications, 1967), p. 32.

4. Gentry, “Danite Band,” p. 440.

5. Ibid., pp. 435–36.

6. B. H. Roberts, A Comprehensive History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 6 vols. (Salt Lake City: Deseret News Press, 1930), 1:500–508; 2:223.

7. Gentry, “Danite Band,” pp. 434–35, 450.

8. Ibid., p. 426.

9. Ibid., p. 437.

10. Ibid., pp. 446–49. See also James B. Allen and Glen M. Leonard, The Story of the Latter-day Saints (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co., 1976), pp. 121–24.

11. In an excellent study of Mormon policy, “The Mormon Church and the Spanish American War: An End to Selective Pacifism,” Pacific Historical Review 43 (August 1974): 342–66, D. Michael Quinn discusses Brigham Young’s counsel of nonrevenge after Joseph Smith’s death, Brigham’s conciliatory attitude in Indian relations, Mormon reaction to the Utah Expedition of 1857–58, and other challenges. (See also Gaylon L. Caldwell, Mormon Conceptions of Individual Rights and Political Obligation [Stanford, Calif.: Sanford University Press, 1952], chap. 10; Gordon C. Thomasson, War, Conscription, Conscience, and Mormonism [Santa Barabara: Privately published, 1966], pp. 13–17; and Ronald W. Walker, “Sheaves, Bucklers, and the State: Mormon Leaders Respond to the Dilemmas of War,” Sunstone 7 [July–August 1982]: 43–56.) Brigham’s policies reflect the earlier revelations to Joseph Smith in Kirtland, on 6 August 1833, which declared the ethics of meekness and reliance on the Lord to fight one’s battles after all peaceable measures had been taken (see section 98 of the Doctrine and Covenants [Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co., 1981]).

12. By the authors’ count. For discussion of some of these works, see Leonard J. Arrington and Jon Haupt, “Intolerable Zion: The Image of Mormonism in Nineteenth Century American Literature,” Western Humanities Review 22 (Summer 1968): 243–60; Cassie Hyde Hock, “The Mormons in Fiction” (Ph.D. diss., University of Colorado, 1941); and Neal Lambert, “Saints, Sinners and Scribes: A Look at the Mormons in Fiction,” Utah Historical Quarterly 35 (Winter 1968): 63–76.

13. Frederick Marryat, Monsieur Violet, 3 vols. (London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1843.)

14. On the life of Marryat, see Arrington and Haupt, “Mormons in Ante-bellum Fiction,” pp. 38–39; and Frederick Marryat, A Diary in America, 3 vols. (London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1839).

15. Henry Caswall, The Prophet of the Nineteenth Century (London: Printed for J. G. F. and J. Rivington’s, 1843): John C. Bennett, History of the Saints, or, an Exposé of Joe Smith and Mormonism (Boston: Leland and Whiting, 1842). Caswall was an Anglican divine in St. Louis; Bennett was an ex-Nauvoo politico and Mormon defector.

16. Compare Caswall, Prophet of the Nineteenth Century, pp. 155–57.

17. Mayne Reid, The Wild Huntress, 3 vols. (London: Richard Bentley, New Burlington Street, 1861).

18. For biography and criticism of Reid, see Joan Steele, Captain Mayne Reid (Boston: Twayne Publishers, a Division of G. K. Hall and Co., 1978). Sara Keith’s tabulation of Mudie’s library holdings is on p. 112.

19. Ibid., p. 49.

20. According to Steele, Edgar Allan Poe uses this phrase in describing Reid (ibid., p. 20).

21. Ibid., pp. 18–19.

22. Steele describes the dreamlike quality of Reid’s fiction as offering “a great deal of instinctual gratification of sadomasochistic nature” and “satisfaction of a euphoric state depicted in . . . shades of black and white containing hidden appeals to their [readers’] deepest psychological nature” (ibid., pp. 129–30).

23. Ibid., p. 20.

24. By the authors’ count.

25. Joaquin Miller, First Fam’lies of the Sierras (Chicago: Jansen, McGlurg and Co., 1876).

26. M. M. Marberry, Splendid Poseur: Joaquin Miller—American Poet (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1953), pp. 158–60. The standard biography on Miller, based mainly on what he said about himself, is Hatt Wagner, Joaquin Miller and His Other Self (San Francisco: Harr Wagner Publishing Co., 1929). (See also Stuart P. Sherman, ed., The Poetical Works of Joaquin Miller [New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1923], pp. 3–39; and Allan Gates Halline, American Plays [New York: American Book Co., 1935], pp. 379–81.)

27. Ina Coolbirth (1842–1928) was the daughter of Don Carlos Smith, brother of Joseph Smith. In 1852 (after her father’s death) her mother, Agnes Coolbirth Smith, took Ina (whose real name was Josephina, after her uncle Joseph) and her sister to San Bernardino, later Los Angeles. Ina, who adopted her mother’s maiden name, kept in touch with her cousin, Joseph F. Smith, but was basically reared as a non-Mormon. (See Leonard J. Arrington, “‘Divinely Tall and Most Divinely Fair’: Josephina Donna Smith—‘Ina Coolbirth,’” Utah Libraries 13 [Spring 1970]: 8–14.) Ina Coolbirth, an American poetess, was poet laureate of California in 1915. She, along with Bret Harte, edited the Overland Monthly (1868).

28. See report of Miller’s visit to Salt Lake City in the 19 December 1889 Deseret Evening News, p. 2, cols. 1–2. Miller later redeemed himself by praising Mormon domesticity in “A Roundelay of Salt Lake,” first published in the San Francisco Bulletin and reprinted in the 19 November 1903 Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star (Liverpool).

29. Robert Louis Stevenson, The Dynamiter (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1925).

30. The decade 1875–85 brought the height of anti-Mormon publishing. We have counted twenty-four full-length books; this does not include plays, short stories, poetry, articles, and journalistic works.

31. Margaret Mackay, The Violent Fiend: The Story of Mrs. Robert Louis Stevenson (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday and Co., 1968), pp. 186–87.

32. Ibid., p. 305.

33. Laura L. Hinckley, The Stevensons: Louis and Fanny (New York: Hastings House, 1950), pp. 71–73. See also Anne Roller Issler, Stevenson at Silverado (Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton Printers, 1939).

34. See Jan Shipps, “From Satyr to Saint: American Attitudes toward the Mormons, 1860–1960,” paper delivered at the 1973 Annual Meeting of the Organization of American Historians and at the Charles Redd Center for Western Studies, Brigham Young University, 19 September 1974. A copy of the paper is in the possession of the authors. A modern perspective of Mormons in the press comes from Dennis L. Lythgoe, “The Changing Image of Mormonism,” Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 3 (Winter 1968): 45–58.

35. Arthur Conan Doyle, A Study in Scarlet (New York: A. L. Burt, [1900]).

36. Charles Higham, The Adventures of Conan Doyle: The Life of the Creator of Sherlock Holmes (New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1976), p. 75.

37. Ronald Pearsall, Conan Doyle: A Biographical Solution (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1977), p. 28. See also Higham, Adventures of Conan Doyle, pp. 73–75.

38. For one example, see London Quarterly Review 2 (1884): 115–22.

39. By the authors’ count.

40. Higham, Adventures of Conan Doyle, p. 74.

41. Ibid.

42. Pearsall, Conan Doyle, p. 30.

43. Letter dated 10 May 1923 in Arthur Conan Doyle Manuscript File, Library-Archives, Historical Department, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City. Doyle wrote about his trip to Utah in a chapter entitled “The Mormons” in Our Second American Adventure (London: Hodder Staughton, 1924).

44. Ibid.

45. Jules Remy and Julius Brenchley, Journey to Great-Salt-Lake-City, 2 vols. (London: W. Jeffs, 1861).

Rebecca Foster Cornwall

BYU Studies Publications