1. Spencer W. Kimball, “The Second Century of Brigham Young University,” in Envisioning BYU: Foundations and Dreams, ed. John S. Tanner (Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University, 2022), 55.

2. C. Shane Reese, “Becoming New Creatures” (university conference address, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, August 22, 2022, https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/c-shane-reese/becoming-new-creatures). C. Shane Reese became the fourteenth president of Brigham Young University on May 1, 2023.

3. See appendix.

4. The First Presidency and Council of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “The Family: A Proclamation to the World,” Ensign 25, no. 11 (November 1995): 102.

5. Kimball, “Second Century,” 50.

6. Gary D Fenstermacher and Virginia Richardson, “On Making Determinations of Quality in Teaching,” Teachers College Record 107 (2005): 186–213.

7. Spencer W. Kimball, “Education for Eternity,” in Tanner, Envisioning BYU, 173.

8. For the secular articulation, see Richard D. Osguthorpe, “On the Reasons We Want Teachers of Good Disposition and Moral Character,” Journal of Teacher Education 59, no. 4 (2008): 288–99; see also Gary D Fenstermacher, Richard D. Osguthorpe, and Matthew N. Sanger, “Teaching Morally and Teaching Morality,” Teacher Education Quarterly 36, no. 3 (2009): 7–19.

9. Henry B. Eyring, “Teaching Is a Moral Act” (university conference address, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, August 27, 1991, https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/henry-b-eyring/teaching-moral-act).

10. David Hansen, “Teaching as a Moral Activity,” in Handbook of Research on Teaching, 4th ed., ed. Virginia Richardson (Washington, D.C.: American Educational Research Association, 2001), 826–57.

11. See appendix.

12. “The Mission of Brigham Young University,” in Tanner, Envisioning BYU, 65, emphasis added.

13. Brigham Young University President’s Leadership Summit, April 15, 2022, transcript in possession of the authors.

14. See appendix.

15. See appendix.

16. Parker J. Palmer, The Courage to Teach: Exploring the Inner Landscape of a Teacher’s Life (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1998), 2.

17. See appendix.

18. Thomas F. Green, The Activities of Teaching (New York: Educator’s International Press, 1998), 33.

19. Russell T. Osguthorpe, The Education of the Heart: Rediscovering the Spiritual Roots of Learning (American Fork, Utah: Covenant Communications, 1996), xxi.

20. L. S. Vygotsky, Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978), 90.

21. Hence the scriptures’ repeated warnings against priestcraft (see 2 Ne. 26:29) and against “aspir[ing] to the honors of men” (D&C 121:35).

22. Adapted from Green, Activities of Teaching, 33.

23. See Green, Activities of Teaching, 26.

24. See appendix.

25. Dallin H. Oaks, “A House of Faith” (university conference address, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, July 5, 1976, https://brightspotcdn.byu.edu/f2/b8/cccd87474a87ad7942a06453e667/a-house-of-faith-dallin-h-oaks.pdf).

26. Kevin J Worthen, “Inspiring Learning,” in Tanner, Envisioning BYU, 89.

27. Dale G. Renlund, “Observation, Reason, Faith, and Revelation” (devotional address, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, August 22, 2023, https://speeches.byu.edu/talks/dale-g-renlund/observation-reason-faith-and-revelation).

28. “The BYU Brand Message,” accessed September 19, 2023, https://brand.byu.edu/brand-platform.

29. Reinhard Maeser, “Brigham Young’s 1876 Charge to Karl G. Maeser,” in Tanner, Envisioning BYU, 14.

30. John Tanner, “Introduction to Brigham Young’s 1876 Charge to Karl G. Maeser,” in Tanner, Envisioning BYU, 11.

31. See, for instance, “A Panel Discussion with Elder Dallin H. Oaks” (Seminaries and Institutes of Religion satellite broadcast, August 7, 2012, https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/broadcasts/article/satellite-training-broadcast/2012/08/a-panel-discussion-with-elder-dallin-h-oaks?lang=eng).

32. See appendix.

33. Gary D. Fenstermacher, “Philosophy of Research on Teaching: Three Aspects,” in Handbook of Research on Teaching: A Project of the American Educational Research Association, 3rd ed., ed. M. C. Wittrock (New York: Macmillan, 1986), 39.

34. See Vygotsky, Mind in Society, 90.

35. “Unrighteous Dominion,” Church News Archives, March 17, 2017, https://www.thechurchnews.com/2007/3/17/23233501/unrighteous-dominion.

36. Neal A. Maxwell, “Jesus, the Perfect Mentor,” Ensign 31, no. 2 (February 2001): 14, paraphrasing Brigham Young, Deseret News, March 6, 1861, 1: “They deserve chastisement, but God forbid that I should chasten beyond the healing balm I have to save them and make better men of them.” See also Brigham Young, in Journal of Discourses, 26 vols. (Liverpool: F. D. Richards, 1856–86), 9:124 (February 17, 1861).

37. Russell M. Nelson, “The Answer Is Always Jesus Christ,” Liahona 47, no. 5 (May 2022): 127.

38. See David A. Bednar, Increase in Learning (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2011), 66.

39. D. A. Santoro, Demoralized: Why Teachers Leave the Profession They Love and How They Can Stay (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Education Press, 2018), 5.

40. A. MacIntyre, After Virtue (Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1981), 178.

Richard D. Osguthorpe

BYU Studies Publications