1. Quoted in Fritz Stern, ed., The Varieties of History: From Voltaire to the Present (New York: Vintage Books, 1973), 29. 2. John W. Welch, “Narrative Elements in Homicide Accounts,” in Judaism, Law, and Literature (ed. Michael Baris and Vivian Liska; Jewish Law Association Studies 27; [Liverpool, UK?]: Jewish Law Association, 2017), 206–38. 3. See, for example, Pamela Barmash, “Homicide: Ancient Near East and Hebrew Bible,” in The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Bible and Law (ed. Brent A. Strawn; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015), 396–403; Pamela Barmash, Homicide in the Biblical World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005); Bernard S. Jackson, “Homicide in the Hebrew Bible: A Review Essay,” Zeitschrift für Altorientalische und Biblische Rechtsgeschichte 12 (2006): 362–74; Jonathan P. Burnside, God, Justice, and Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), 253–83; Raymond Westbrook, “Reflections on the Law of Homicide in the Ancient World,” Maarav 13, no. 2 (2006): 145–74. 4. Klaus-Peter Adam, Friedrich Avemarie, and Nili Wazana, eds., Law and Narrative in the Bible and Neighbouring Ancient Cultures (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2012); Assnat Bartor, Reading Law as Narrative: A Study in the Casuistic Laws of the Pentateuch (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2010); Jonathan P. Burnside, “Exodus and Asylum: Uncovering the Relationship between Biblical Law and Narrative,” JSOT 34, no. 3 (2010): 243–66; Jonathan Burnside, “Flight of the Fugitives: Rethinking the Relationship between Biblical Law (Exodus 21:12–14) and the Davidic Succession Narrative (1 Kings 1–2),” JBL 129, no. 3 (2010): 418–31; James K. Bruckner, Implied Law in the Abraham Narrative: A Literary and Theological Analysis (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2001); Bernard S. Jackson, Law, Fact, and Narrative Coherence (Liverpool, UK: Deborah Charles Publications, 1988). While acknowledging that “literature is only incidentally about law” and that narratives may not always accurately portray legal subjects, Barmash makes a strong appeal for the claim that “narrative texts are indispensable for the study of biblical law. The analysis of literary texts is necessary for reconstructing legal practice and the perception of how law operated. Statutes only tell us so much.” Pamela Barmash, “The Narrative Quandary: Cases of Law in Literature,” VT 54, no. 1 (2004): 2; Barmash, “Homicide,” in The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Bible and Law, 400–401. 5. Assnat Bartor, “Narrative,” in The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Bible and Law, 126. 6. Robert Alter, Genesis: Translation and Commentary (New York: W. W. Norton, 1996), 38 n. 6. 7. Nils Wilhelm Lund, Chiasmus in the New Testament: A Study in Formgeschichte (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1942), 57–58; Jacob Milgrom, Leviticus 23–27 (New York: Doubleday, 2001), 2129; Bernard S. Jackson, Wisdom-Laws: A Study of the Mishpatim of Exodus 21:1–22:16 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), 448. 8. Timothy M. Willis, “Blasphemy, Talion, and Chiasmus: The Marriage of Form and Content in Lev 24,13–23,” Biblica 90, no. 1 (2009): 70. 9. Willis, “Blasphemy, Talion, and Chiasmus,” 71. 10. Jackson, Wisdom-Laws, 206–7. Discussed also in John W. Welch, Legal Cases in the Book of Mormon (Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Press, 2008), 338–48, esp. 345 and in connection with the chiastic structure of the meaning of the word “restoration” in Alma 41:13–15. 11. Bernard M. Levinson, “At the Intersection of Scribal Training and Theological Profundity: Chiasm as an Editorial Technique in Primeval History and Deuteronomy,” in this volume. 12. Willis, “Blasphemy, Talion, and Chiasmus,” 72. 13. Willis, “Blasphemy, Talion, and Chiasmus,” 73. 14. Following Milgrom, Leviticus, 2131, on understanding mum as creating a physical defect that disqualifies the injured person from entering the priestly service, or p. 2135, as causing some serious, permanent physical loss. 15. Ze’ev W. Falk, Hebrew Law in Biblical Times: An Introduction (2d ed.; Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Press; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2001), 71. 16. Milgrom, Leviticus, 2133. 17. Willis, “Blasphemy, Talion, and Chiasmus,” 72. 18. Paul Gaechter, Die literarische Kunst im Matthäus-Evangelium (SBS 7; Stuttgart, 1965), 33. Translated as Literary Art in the Gospel of Matthew (trans. Lore Schultheiss), available at https://chiasmusresources.org/literary-art-gospel-matthew, 33. 19. Jackson, Wisdom-Laws, 128. 20. Jackson, Wisdom-Laws, 129. 21. T. A. Boogaart, “Stone for Stone: Retribution in the Story of Abimelech and Shechem,” JSOT 32 (1985): 48–49. 22. Robert Hariman, “What Is Chiasmus? Or, Why the Abyss Stares Back,” in Chiasmus and Culture (ed. Boris Wiseman and Anthony Paul; New York: Berghahn, 2014), 47. 23. Hariman, “What Is Chiasmus?” 48. 24. Hariman, “What Is Chiasmus?” 49. 25. Toni Craven, Artistry and Faith in the Book of Judith (SBL Dissertation Series; Chico, CA: Scholars Press, 1983), 62–63; followed by Michael D. Coogan, ed., New Oxford Annotated Apocrypha (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), 31–36. 26. John W. Welch, “Introduction,” in Chiasmus in Antiquity: Structure, Analysis, Exegesis (Hildesheim: Gerstenberg, 1981), 13. 27. Roger David Aus, “The Death of One for All in John 11:45–54 in Light of Judaic Traditions,” in Barabbas and Esther and Other Studies in the Judaic Illumination of Earliest Christianity (ed. J. Neusner and others, South Florida Studies in the History of Judaism 54; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1992), 29–63. See also Nahum Rakover, “The One vs. the Many in Life and Death Situations,” Jewish Law Association Studies VIII (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1996), 129–53. 28. On the words “But if he did not lie in wait for him” and “God delivered him into his hand,” see generally, Jackson, Wisdom-Laws, 120–30. 29. See below. 30. Klaus-Peter Adam, “A Didactic Case Narrative on Homicide Law: 1 Samuel 26,” in Law and Narrative in the Bible and in Neighboring Ancient Cultures (ed. Klaus-Peter Adam, Friedrich Avemarie, and Nili Wazana; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2012), 107–13. 31. John W. Welch and J. Gregory Welch, Charting the Book of Mormon: Visual Aids for Personal Study and Teaching (Provo, UT: Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies, 1999), chart 127. 32. John W. Welch, “Introduction,” in Chiasmus in Antiquity, 12. 33. Hariman, “What Is Chiasmus?” 61. 34. Hariman, “What Is Chiasmus?” 62. 35. Hariman, “What Is Chiasmus?” 62. 36. Hariman, “What Is Chiasmus?” 52. 37. John W. Welch, “Chiasmus in Biblical Law: An Approach to the Structure of Legal Texts in the Hebrew Bible,” Jewish Law Association Studies 4, no. 1 (1990): 9–10. 38. S. Bar-Efrat, “Some Observations on the Analysis of Structure in Biblical Narrative,” VT 30, no. 2 (1980): 172; as quoted in Welch, “Chiasmus in Biblical Law,” 22.